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目录

动脉粥样硬化模型

ApoE敲除小鼠(ApoE-deificient mouse)

ApoE基因敲除或沉默小鼠

动脉粥样硬化造模和模型饲料

ApoE基因敲除(ApoE-/-)小鼠动脉粥样硬化模型高胆固醇模型饲料
High Cholesterol Model Diet of Atherosclerosis for ApoE-deficient(ApoEKO) Mice

原理

ApoE基因敲除(ApoE-/-)小鼠对饲料中胆固醇非常敏感,由于对血浆胆固醇清除率低,从饲料中吸收的胆固醇进入血浆后发生累积效应。因此,高胆固醇模型饲料中不论胆固醇含量是多少,都会引起动脉粥样硬化。

关键是,动脉粥样硬化发生和发展的速度取决于饲料中胆固醇的含量,较低时需要的时间长。

ApoE敲除小鼠高胆固醇模型饲料的关键点

(1)由于饲料中胆固醇含量低,要求饲料中胆固醇分布均匀、含量可靠。这对于饲料生产工艺和胆固醇原料的要求都很高。

(2)除非研究特殊,一般不宜选用胆固醇含量过高的模型饲料。

一、用于ApoE敲除小鼠的高胆固醇模型模型饲料


南通特洛菲饲料科技有限公司提供的适用于ApoE基于敲除小鼠的高胆固醇模型饲料,包括纯化型和日粮型两类。

1.适用于ApoE敲除小鼠的纯化型高胆固醇模型饲料

请根据研究需要的胆固醇含量,从下表中选择。

特洛菲饲料科技有限公司
ApoE基因敲除或沉默的小鼠高胆固醇模型饲料

纯化型

以下模型饲料是以纯化原料进行配制,属于低高胆固醇模型饲料。

产品代码    对照饲料

TP 0600:0%胆固醇对照饲料

TP 0601:0%胆固醇对照饲料

TP 0602:0%胆固醇对照饲料

产品代码    模型饲料名称

TP 0610:0.15%胆固醇模型饲料

TP 0611:0.2%胆固醇模型饲料

TP 0612:0.3%胆固醇模型饲料

TP 0613:0.5%胆固醇模型饲料

TP 0614:1.0%胆固醇模型饲料

TP 0615:1.25%胆固醇模型饲料

TP 0616:1.5%胆固醇模型饲料

TP 0617:2.0%胆固醇模型饲料

如果需要其他水平胆固醇,请提出!

在选择模型饲料时,请注意对照饲料应当是配套的TP 0600(脂肪类型与模型饲料匹配)、TP 0601(豆油)、TP 0601(低糖型)中的一种,而不宜采用普通喂养的饲料。了解其原因请点击阅读:“使用高脂饲料的SCI论文中对照饲料不科学的问题”)。

如果有不清楚之处,请与南通特洛菲饲料科技有限公司技术部咨询。

2.适用于ApoE敲除小鼠的日粮型高胆固醇模型饲料

日粮型高胆固醇饲料成本相对较低,价格相对便宜。虽然南通特洛菲饲料科技有限公司采用了科学工艺提高了胆固醇添加的准确性和均匀度,但是,由于原料的特点,在胆固醇添加的准确方面没有纯化型模型饲料中添加的准确高,因此,应当优先考虑纯化型。

特洛菲饲料科技有限公司
ApoE基因敲除或沉默的小鼠高胆固醇模型饲料

日粮型

以下模型饲料是在本公司TP LAD0011(低脂)生产过程中添加胆固醇.其正常对照饲料应当选用LAD 0011。

产品代码    对照饲料名称

LAD 0011:0%胆固醇

产品代码    模型饲料名称

TP 0500:0.15%胆固醇模型饲料

TP 0501:0.2%胆固醇模型饲料

TP 0502:0.3%胆固醇模型饲料

TP 0503:0.5%胆固醇模型饲料

TP 0504:1.0%胆固醇模型饲料

TP 0505:1.25%胆固醇模型饲料

TP 0506:1.5%胆固醇模型饲料

TP 0507:2.0%胆固醇模型饲料

如果需要其他水平胆固醇,请提出! 

请注意,采用日粮型模型饲料时,对照饲料应当采用LAD0011普通饲料,LAD0011是专为基因工程鼠设计的普通喂养饲料。关于特洛菲饲料科技有限公司生产的LAD0011普通饲料,请点击:LAD0011介绍:脂蛋白代谢及其相关的基因工程大鼠和小鼠的日常喂养饲料

二、ApoE敲除小鼠高胆固醇模型饲料使用和动脉粥样硬化造模注意事项


1.ApoE基因敲除小鼠高胆固醇模型饲料的对照饲料

(1)如果模型饲料选择的是日粮型高胆固醇饲料,那么,对照饲料要注意的是:

ApoE敲除小鼠在普通饲料喂养后也自发地形成高胆固醇血症和动脉粥样硬化,而用上述介绍的模型喂养后,血浆胆固醇水平大幅度升高,动脉粥样硬化发生更早、程度更严重。也就是普通饲料和模型饲料喂养效果的差别在于:出现时间和病变程度的差别。

因此,如果ApoE敲除小鼠喂养的普通饲料中含有少量胆固醇或者脂肪、饱和脂肪酸较高,则可能减少模型饲料组的差别,从而对研究结果产生影响。故建议选择特洛菲饲料科技有限公司生产的普通饲料(代码:LAD0011介绍:脂蛋白代谢及其相关的基因工程大鼠和小鼠的日常喂养饲料)。

(2)如果模型饲料选择的是纯化型高胆固醇饲料,那么,对照饲料要注意的是:

大小鼠使用的标准的纯化型饲料不适合ApoE敲除小鼠的喂养,因为该标准饲料引起ApoE敲除小鼠动脉粥样硬化明显,因此,建议采用上表中列出的对照饲料。

2.ApoE基因敲除小鼠高胆固醇模型饲料喂养效果

应当明白,高胆固醇模型饲料与高脂高胆固醇模型饲料不同,高胆固醇模型饲料喂养后,动物出现动脉粥样硬化,但是,不伴有代谢综合症表现。

 

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Vinh A, Widdop RE, Chai SY, Gaspari TA. Angiotensin IV-evoked vasoprotection is conserved in advanced atheroma. Atherosclerosis. 2008 Sep;200(1):37-44.

Hans CP, Zerfaoui M, Naura AS, Catling A, Boulares AH. Differential effects of PARP inhibition on vascular cell survival and ACAT-1 expression favouring atherosclerotic plaque stability. Cardiovasc Res. 2008 Jun 1;78(3):429-39.

Ling S, Dai A, Guo Z, Komesaroff PA. A preparation of herbal medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza reduces expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2008 Jan;51(1):38-44.

Nagarajan S, Burris RL, Stewart BW, Wilkerson JE, Badger TM. Dietary soy protein isolate ameliorates atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice potentially by inhibiting monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression. J Nutr. 2008 Feb;138(2):332-7.

Rekhter M, Staschke K, Estridge T, Rutherford P, Jackson N, Gifford-Moore D, Foxworthy P, Reidy C, Huang XD, Kalbfleisch M, Hui K, Kuo MS, Gilmour R, Vlahos CJ. Genetic ablation of IRAK4 kinase activity inhibits vascular lesion formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 Mar 14;367(3):642-8.

Naemura A, Ijiri Y, Kodama M, Honda Y, Yamamoto J. A rice variety (HYJA-Ri4) enhances arterial thrombus formation in an animal model of thrombosis. Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb. 2008;36(5):241-4.

Weiss D, Taylor WR. Deoxycorticosterone acetate salt hypertension in apolipoprotein E-/- mice results in accelerated atherosclerosis: the role of angiotensin II. Hypertension. 2008 Feb;51(2):218-24.

Kuchibhotla S, Vanegas D, Kennedy DJ, Guy E, Nimako G, Morton RE, Febbraio M. Absence of CD36 protects against atherosclerosis in ApoE knock-out mice with no additional protection provided by absence of scavenger receptor A I/II. Cardiovasc Res. 2008 Apr 1;78(1):185-96.

Gates AC, Bernal-Mizrachi C, Chinault SL, Feng C, Schneider JG, Coleman T, Malone JP, Townsend RR, Chakravarthy MV, Semenkovich CF. Respiratory uncoupling in skeletal muscle delays death and diminishes age-related disease. Cell Metab. 2007 Dec;6(6):497-505.

Li Q, Li Y, Zhang Z, Gilbert TR, Matsumoto AH, Dobrin SE, Shi W. Quantitative trait locus analysis of carotid atherosclerosis in an intercross between C57BL/6 and C3H apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Stroke. 2008 Jan;39(1):166-73.

Jacob S, Laury-Kleintop L, Lanza-Jacoby S. The select cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib reduced the extent of atherosclerosis in apo E-/- mice. J Surg Res. 2008 May 1;146(1):135-42.

Preusch MR, Bea F, Yang SH, Kreuzer J, Isermann B, Pedal I, Rosenfeld ME, Katus HA, Blessing E. Long-term administration of 3-deazaadenosine does not alter progression of advanced atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2007 Aug;50(2):206-12.

Schwedler SB, Kuhlencordt PJ, Ponnuswamy PP, Hatiboglu G, Quaschning T, Widder J, Wanner C, Potempa LA, Galle J. Native C-reactive protein induces endothelial dysfunction in ApoE-/- mice: implications for iNOS and reactive oxygen species. Atherosclerosis. 2007 Dec;195(2):e76-84.

Joven J, Rull A, Ferré N, Escolà-Gil JC, Marsillach J, Coll B, Alonso-Villaverde C, Aragones G, Claria J, Camps J. The results in rodent models of atherosclerosis are not interchangeable: the influence of diet and strain. Atherosclerosis. 2007 Dec;195(2):e85-92.

Wang SS, Schadt EE, Wang H, Wang X, Ingram-Drake L, Shi W, Drake TA, Lusis AJ. Identification of pathways for atherosclerosis in mice: integration of quantitative trait locus analysis and global gene expression data. Circ Res. 2007 Aug 3;101(3):e11-30.

Harrington SC, Simari RD, Conover CA. Genetic deletion of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A is associated with resistance to atherosclerotic lesion development in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice challenged with a high-fat diet. Circ Res. 2007 Jun 22;100(12):1696-702.

Baetta R, Silva F, Comparato C, Uzzo M, Eberini I, Bellosta S, Donetti E, Corsini A. Perivascular carotid collar placement induces neointima formation and outward arterial remodeling in mice independent of apolipoprotein E deficiency or Western-type diet feeding. Atherosclerosis. 2007 Nov;195(1):e112-24.

Oumouna-Benachour K, Hans CP, Suzuki Y, Naura A, Datta R, Belmadani S, Fallon K, Woods C, Boulares AH. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition reduces atherosclerotic plaque size and promotes factors of plaque stability in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice: effects on macrophage recruitment, nuclear factor-kappaB nuclear translocation, and foam cell death. Circulation. 2007 May 8;115(18):2442-50.

Madan M, Bishayi B, Hoge M, Amar S. Atheroprotective role of interleukin-6 in diet- and/or pathogen-associated atherosclerosis using an ApoE heterozygote murine model. Atherosclerosis. 2008 Apr;197(2):504-14.

Haghighat A, Weiss D, Whalin MK, Cowan DP, Taylor WR. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor exacerbate atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Circulation. 2007 Apr 17;115(15):2049-54.

Srivastava S, D'Souza SE, Sen U, States JC. In utero arsenic exposure induces early onset of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. Reprod Toxicol. 2007 Apr-May;23(3):449-56.

Feng X, Li H, Rumbin AA, Wang X, La Cava A, Brechtelsbauer K, Castellani LW, Witztum JL, Lusis AJ, Tsao BP. ApoE-/-Fas-/- C57BL/6 mice: a novel murine model simultaneously exhibits lupus nephritis, atherosclerosis, and osteopenia. J Lipid Res. 2007 Apr;48(4):794-805.

Schepers A, de Vries MR, van Leuven CJ, Grimbergen JM, Holers VM, Daha MR, van Bockel JH, Quax PH. Inhibition of complement component C3 reduces vein graft atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E3-Leiden transgenic mice. Circulation. 2006 Dec 19;114(25):2831-8.

Dai J, Li W, Chang L, Zhang Z, Tang C, Wang N, Zhu Y, Wang X. Role of redox factor-1 in hyperhomocysteinemia-accelerated atherosclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med. 2006 Nov 15;41(10):1566-77.

Liu R, Hojjati MR, Devlin CM, Hansen IH, Jiang XC. Macrophage phospholipid transfer protein deficiency and ApoE secretion: impact on mouse plasma cholesterol levels and atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007 Jan;27(1):190-6.

Fujii A, Allen TJ, Nestel PJ. A 1,3-diacylglycerol-rich oil induces less atherosclerosis and lowers plasma cholesterol in diabetic apoE-deficient mice. Atherosclerosis. 2007 Jul;193(1):55-61.

Kudchodkar BJ, Pierce A, Dory L. Chronic hyperbaric oxygen treatment elicits an anti-oxidant response and attenuates atherosclerosis in apoE knockout mice. Atherosclerosis. 2007 Jul;193(1):28-35.

Westerterp M, van der Hoogt CC, de Haan W, Offerman EH, Dallinga-Thie GM, Jukema JW, Havekes LM, Rensen PC. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein decreases high-density lipoprotein and severely aggravates atherosclerosis in APOE*3-Leiden mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006 Nov;26(11):2552-9.

Zadelaar AS, Boesten LS, Jukema JW, van Vlijmen BJ, Kooistra T, Emeis JJ, Lundholm E, Camejo G, Havekes LM. Dual PPARalpha/gamma agonist tesaglitazar reduces atherosclerosis in insulin-resistant and hypercholesterolemic ApoE*3Leiden mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006 Nov;26(11):2560-6.

Soulat T, Philippe C, Bal dit Sollier C, Brézillon C, Berge N, Teissedre PL, Callebert J, Rabot S, Drouet L. Wine constituents inhibit thrombosis but not atherogenesis in C57BL/6 apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Br J Nutr. 2006 Aug;96(2):290-8.

Aprahamian T, Bonegio R, Rizzo J, Perlman H, Lefer DJ, Rifkin IR, Walsh K. Simvastatin treatment ameliorates autoimmune disease associated with accelerated atherosclerosis in a murine lupus model. J Immunol. 2006 Sep 1;177(5):3028-34.

Guy E, Kuchibhotla S, Silverstein R, Febbraio M. Continued inhibition of atherosclerotic lesion development in long term Western diet fed CD36o /apoEo mice. Atherosclerosis. 2007 May;192(1):123-30.

Behr-Roussel D, Darblade B, Oudot A, Compagnie S, Bernabé J, Alexandre L, Giuliano F. Erectile dysfunction in hypercholesterolemic atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E knockout mice. J Sex Med. 2006 Jul;3(4):596-603.

Navab M, Anantharamaiah GM, Reddy ST, Van Lenten BJ, Datta G, Garber D, Fogelman AM. Potential clinical utility of high-density lipoprotein-mimetic peptides. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2006 Aug;17(4):440-4.

Johnson JL, Fritsche-Danielson R, Behrendt M, Westin-Eriksson A, Wennbo H, Herslof M, Elebring M, George SJ, McPheat WL, Jackson CL. Effect of broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibition on atherosclerotic plaque stability. Cardiovasc Res. 2006 Aug 1;71(3):586-95.

Cheng C, Tempel D, van Haperen R, van der Baan A, Grosveld F, Daemen MJ, Krams R, de Crom R. Atherosclerotic lesion size and vulnerability are determined by patterns of fluid shear stress. Circulation. 2006 Jun 13;113(23):2744-53.

Maguire JJ, Wiley KE, Kuc RE, Stoneman VE, Bennett MR, Davenport AP. Endothelin-mediated vasoconstriction in early atherosclerosis is markedly increased in ApoE-/- mouse but prevented by atorvastatin. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2006 Jun;231(6):806-12.

Andrés V, Gascón-Irún M, Pandolfi PP, González-Navarro H. Atheroma development in apolipoprotein E-null mice is not affected by partial inactivation of PTEN. Front Biosci. 2006 Sep 1;11:2739-45.

Madan M, Bishayi B, Hoge M, Messas E, Amar S. Doxycycline affects diet- and bacteria-associated atherosclerosis in an ApoE heterozygote murine model: cytokine profiling implications. Atherosclerosis. 2007 Jan;190(1):62-72.

Arbonés-Mainar JM, Navarro MA, Guzmán MA, Arnal C, Surra JC, Acín S, Carnicer R, Osada J, Roche HM. Selective effect of conjugated linoleic acid isomers on atherosclerotic lesion development in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Atherosclerosis. 2006 Dec;189(2):318-27.

Jawien J, Gajda M, Rudling M, Mateuszuk L, Olszanecki R, Guzik TJ, Cichocki T, Chlopicki S, Korbut R. Inhibition of five lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) by MK-886 decreases atherosclerosis in apoE/LDLR-double knockout mice. Eur J Clin Invest. 2006 Mar;36(3):141-6.

Matsui R, Xu S, Maitland KA, Mastroianni R, Leopold JA, Handy DE, Loscalzo J, Cohen RA. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency decreases vascular superoxide and atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E(-/-) mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006 Apr;26(4):910-6.

Stewart FA, Heeneman S, Te Poele J, Kruse J, Russell NS, Gijbels M, Daemen M. Ionizing radiation accelerates the development of atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE-/- mice and predisposes to an inflammatory plaque phenotype prone to hemorrhage. Am J Pathol. 2006 Feb;168(2):649-58.

Tous M, Ferré N, Rull A, Marsillach J, Coll B, Alonso-Villaverde C, Camps J, Joven J. Dietary cholesterol and differential monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene expression in aorta and liver of apo E-deficient mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Feb 24;340(4):1078-84.

Olszanecki R, Jawień J, Gajda M, Mateuszuk L, Gebska A, Korabiowska M, Chłopicki S, Korbut R. Effect of curcumin on atherosclerosis in apoE/LDLR-double knockout mice. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2005 Dec;56(4):627-35.

Su Z, Li Y, James JC, McDuffie M, Matsumoto AH, Helm GA, Weber JL, Lusis AJ, Shi W. Quantitative trait locus analysis of atherosclerosis in an intercross between C57BL/6 and C3H mice carrying the mutant apolipoprotein E gene. Genetics. 2006 Mar;172(3):1799-807.

Andersson IJ, Ljungberg A, Svensson L, Gan LM, Oscarsson J, Bergström G. Increased atherosclerotic lesion area in apoE deficient mice overexpressing bovine growth hormone. Atherosclerosis. 2006 Oct;188(2):331-40.

Nachtigal P, Pospisilova N, Pospechova K, Jamborova G, Kopecky M, Jaynes R, Briestensky J, Santar I, Smahelova A, Solichova D, Zdansky P, Semecky V. MDOC and atorvastatin have potential antiinflammatory effects in vascular endothelium of apoE-/- mouse model of atherosclerosis. Life Sci. 2006 Mar 20;78(17):1983-9.

Hanniman EA, Lambert G, McCarthy TC, Sinal CJ. Loss of functional farnesoid X receptor increases atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. J Lipid Res. 2005 Dec;46(12):2595-604.

Toomey S, Harhen B, Roche HM, Fitzgerald D, Belton O. Profound resolution of early atherosclerosis with conjugated linoleic acid. Atherosclerosis. 2006 Jul;187(1):40-9.

Yamashita T, Oda E, Sano T, Yamashita T, Ijiru Y, Giddings JC, Yamamoto J. Varying the ratio of dietary n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid alters the tendency to thrombosis and progress of atherosclerosis in apoE-/- LDLR-/- double knockout mouse. Thromb Res. 2005;116(5):393-401.

Grothusen C, Bley S, Selle T, Luchtefeld M, Grote K, Tietge UJ, Drexler H, Schieffer B. Combined effects of HMG-CoA-reductase inhibition and renin-angiotensin system blockade on experimental atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 2005 Sep;182(1):57-69.

Mazzolai L, Korber M, Bouzourene K, Aubert JF, Nussberger J, Stamenkovic I, Hayoz D. Severe hyperlipidemia causes impaired renin-angiotensin system function in apolipoprotein E deficient mice. Atherosclerosis. 2006 May;186(1):86-91.

Wu KK, Wu TJ, Chin J, Mitnaul LJ, Hernandez M, Cai TQ, Ren N, Waters MG, Wright SD, Cheng K. Increased hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in mice lacking both ApoE and leptin receptor. Atherosclerosis. 2005 Aug;181(2):251-9.

Johansson ME, Wickman A, Fitzgerald SM, Gan LM, Bergström G. Angiotensin II, type 2 receptor is not involved in the angiotensin II-mediated pro-atherogenic process in ApoE-/- mice. J Hypertens. 2005 Aug;23(8):1541-9.

Hennuyer N, Tailleux A, Torpier G, Mezdour H, Fruchart JC, Staels B, Fiévet C. PPARalpha, but not PPARgamma, activators decrease macrophage-laden atherosclerotic lesions in a nondiabetic mouse model of mixed dyslipidemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005 Sep;25(9):1897-902.

Zhang S, Picard MH, Vasile E, Zhu Y, Raffai RL, Weisgraber KH, Krieger M. Diet-induced occlusive coronary atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, cardiac dysfunction, and premature death in scavenger receptor class B type I-deficient, hypomorphic apolipoprotein ER61 mice. Circulation. 2005 Jun 28;111(25):3457-64.

Inoue K, Arai Y, Kurihara H, Kita T, Sawamura T. Overexpression of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 induces intramyocardial vasculopathy in apolipoprotein E-null mice.Circ Res. 2005 Jul 22;97(2):176-84.

Gavrila D, Li WG, McCormick ML, Thomas M, Daugherty A, Cassis LA, Miller FJ Jr, Oberley LW, Dellsperger KC, Weintraub NL. Vitamin E inhibits abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in angiotensin II-infused apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005 Aug;25(8):1671-7.

Trion A, de Maat MP, Jukema JW, van der Laarse A, Maas MC, Offerman EH, Havekes LM, Szalai AJ, Princen HM, Emeis JJ. No effect of C-reactive protein on early atherosclerosis development in apolipoprotein E*3-leiden/human C-reactive protein transgenic mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005 Aug;25(8):1635-40.

Sasaguri Y, Wang KY, Tanimoto A, Tsutsui M, Ueno H, Murata Y, Kohno Y, Yamada S, Ohtsu H. Role of histamine produced by bone marrow-derived vascular cells in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Circ Res. 2005 May 13;96(9):974-81.

de Roos B, Duivenvoorden I, Rucklidge G, Reid M, Ross K, Lamers RJ, Voshol PJ, Havekes LM, Teusink B. Response of apolipoprotein E*3-Leiden transgenic mice to dietary fatty acids: combining liver proteomics with physiological data. FASEB J. 2005 May;19(7):813-5.

Tabibiazar R, Wagner RA, Spin JM, Ashley EA, Narasimhan B, Rubin EM, Efron B, Tsao PS, Tibshirani R, Quertermous T. Mouse strain-specific differences in vascular wall gene expression and their relationship to vascular disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005 Feb;25(2):302-8.

Espirito Santo SM, van Vlijmen BJ, van Duyvenvoorde W, Offerman EH, Havekes LM, Arnault I, Auger J, Princen HM. Absence of an atheroprotective effect of the garlic powder printanor in APOE*3-Leiden transgenic mice. Atherosclerosis. 2004 Dec;177(2):291-7.

Bunderson M, Brooks DM, Walker DL, Rosenfeld ME, Coffin JD, Beall HD. Arsenic exposure exacerbates atherosclerotic plaque formation and increases nitrotyrosine and leukotriene biosynthesis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2004 Nov 15;201(1):32-9.

Veillard NR, Steffens S, Burger F, Pelli G, Mach F. Differential expression patterns of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory mediators during atherogenesis in mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004 Dec;24(12):2339-44.

Jawień J, Nastałek P, Korbut R. Mouse models of experimental atherosclerosis. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2004 Sep;55(3):503-17.

Chi H, Messas E, Levine RA, Graves DT, Amar S. Interleukin-1 receptor signaling mediates atherosclerosis associated with bacterial exposure and/or a high-fat diet in a murine apolipoprotein E heterozygote model: pharmacotherapeutic implications. Circulation. 2004 Sep 21;110(12):1678-85.

Li X, Chyu KY, Faria Neto JR, Yano J, Nathwani N, Ferreira C, Dimayuga PC, Cercek B, Kaul S, Shah PK. Differential effects of apolipoprotein A-I-mimetic peptide on evolving and established atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-null mice. Circulation. 2004 Sep 21;110(12):1701-5.

Shi W, Pei H, Fischer JJ, James JC, Angle JF, Matsumoto AH, Helm GA, Sarembock IJ. Neointimal formation in two apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse strains with different atherosclerosis susceptibility. J Lipid Res. 2004 Nov;45(11):2008-14.

Trogan E, Fayad ZA, Itskovich VV, Aguinaldo JG, Mani V, Fallon JT, Chereshnev I, Fisher EA. Serial studies of mouse atherosclerosis by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging detect lesion regression after correction of dyslipidemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004 Sep;24(9):1714-9.

Löwbeer C, Forsberg AM, Tokuno S, Hemdahl AL, Gustafsson SA, Valen G. Cardiac troponin T content in heart and skeletal muscle and in blood samples from ApoE/LDL receptor double knockout mice. Clin Chim Acta. 2004 Jun;344(1-2):73-8.

Aprahamian T, Rifkin I, Bonegio R, Hugel B, Freyssinet JM, Sato K, Castellot JJ Jr, Walsh K. Impaired clearance of apoptotic cells promotes synergy between atherogenesis and autoimmune disease. J Exp Med. 2004 Apr 19;199(8):1121-31.

Meir KS, Leitersdorf E. Atherosclerosis in the apolipoprotein-E-deficient mouse: a decade of progress. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004 Jun;24(6):1006-14.

Welch CL, Bretschger S, Wen PZ, Mehrabian M, Latib N, Fruchart-Najib J, Fruchart JC, Myrick C, Lusis AJ. Novel QTLs for HDL levels identified in mice by controlling for Apoa2 allelic effects: confirmation of a chromosome 6 locus in a congenic strain. Physiol Genomics. 2004 Mar 12;17(1):48-59.

Alp NJ, McAteer MA, Khoo J, Choudhury RP, Channon KM. Increased endothelial tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis by targeted transgenic GTP-cyclohydrolase I overexpression reduces endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in ApoE-knockout mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004 Mar;24(3):445-50.

Basso MD, Nambi P, Adelman SJ. Effect of sirolimus on the cholesterol content of aortic arch in ApoE knockout mice. Transplant Proc. 2003 Dec;35(8):3136-8.

Poch E, Carbonell P, Franco S, Díez-Juan A, Blasco MA, Andrés V. Short telomeres protect from diet-induced atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-null mice. FASEB J. 2004 Feb;18(2):418-20.

Harja E, Bucciarelli LG, Lu Y, Stern DM, Zou YS, Schmidt AM, Yan SF. Early growth response-1 promotes atherogenesis: mice deficient in early growth response-1 and apolipoprotein E display decreased atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation. Circ Res. 2004 Feb 20;94(3):333-9.

 Belton OA, Duffy A, Toomey S, Fitzgerald DJ. Cyclooxygenase isoforms and platelet vessel wall interactions in the apolipoprotein E knockout mouse model of atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2003 Dec 16;108(24):3017-23.

Simeonova PP, Hulderman T, Harki D, Luster MI. Arsenic exposure accelerates atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E(-/-) mice. Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Nov;111(14):1744-8.

Zhang W, Yancey PG, Su YR, Babaev VR, Zhang Y, Fazio S, Linton MF. Inactivation of macrophage scavenger receptor class B type I promotes atherosclerotic lesion development in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Circulation. 2003 Nov 4;108(18):2258-63.

Frank PG, Lee H, Park DS, Tandon NN, Scherer PE, Lisanti MP. Genetic ablation of caveolin-1 confers protection against atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004 Jan;24(1):98-105.

Rezaee F, Gijbels M, Offerman E, Verheijen J. Genetic deletion of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) in APOE3-Leiden mice reduces progression of cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis. Thromb Haemost. 2003 Oct;90(4):710-6.

Schafer K, Müller K, Hecke A, Mounier E, Goebel J, Loskutoff DJ, Konstantinides S. Enhanced thrombosis in atherosclerosis-prone mice is associated with increased arterial expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003 Nov 1;23(11):2097-103.

Grenache DG, Coleman T, Semenkovich CF, Santoro SA, Zutter MM. Alpha2beta1 integrin and development of atherosclerosis in a mouse model: assessment of risk. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003 Nov 1;23(11):2104-9.

Leidenfrost JE, Khan MF, Boc KP, Villa BR, Collins ET, Parks WC, Abendschein DR, Choi ET. A model of primary atherosclerosis and post-angioplasty restenosis in mice. Am J Pathol. 2003 Aug;163(2):773-8.

Chereshnev I, Trogan E, Omerhodzic S, Itskovich V, Aguinaldo JG, Fayad ZA, Fisher EA, Reis ED. Mouse model of heterotopic aortic arch transplantation. J Surg Res. 2003 May 15;111(2):171-6.

Villeneuve N, Fortuno A, Sauvage M, Fournier N, Breugnot C, Jacquemin C, Petit C, Gosgnach W, Carpentier N, Vanhoutte P, Vilaine JP. Persistence of the nitric oxide pathway in the aorta of hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice. J Vasc Res. 2003 Mar-Apr;40(2):87-96.

Garber DW, Handattu S, Aslan I, Datta G, Chaddha M, Anantharamaiah GM. Effect of an arginine-rich amphipathic helical peptide on plasma cholesterol in dyslipidemic mice. Atherosclerosis. 2003 Jun;168(2):229-37.

Lin RY, Choudhury RP, Cai W, Lu M, Fallon JT, Fisher EA, Vlassara H. Dietary glycotoxins promote diabetic atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Atherosclerosis. 2003 Jun;168(2):213-20.

Elloso MM, Azrolan N, Sehgal SN, Hsu PL, Phiel KL, Kopec CA, Basso MD, Adelman SJ. Protective effect of the immunosuppressant sirolimus against aortic atherosclerosis in apo E-deficient mice. Am J Transplant. 2003 May;3(5):562-9.

Kuziel WA, Dawson TC, Quinones M, Garavito E, Chenaux G, Ahuja SS, Reddick RL, Maeda N. CCR5 deficiency is not protective in the early stages of atherogenesis in apoE knockout mice. Atherosclerosis. 2003 Mar;167(1):25-32.

Buzello M, Törnig J, Faulhaber J, Ehmke H, Ritz E, Amann K. The apolipoprotein e knockout mouse: a model documenting accelerated atherogenesis in uremia. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2003 Feb;14(2):311-6.

Lemaître V, Soloway PD, D'Armiento J. Increased medial degradation with pseudo-aneurysm formation in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice deficient in tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1. Circulation. 2003 Jan 21;107(2):333-8.

Chen J, Kuhlencordt P, Urano F, Ichinose H, Astern J, Huang PL. Effects of chronic treatment with L-arginine on atherosclerosis in apoE knockout and apoE/inducible NO synthase double-knockout mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003 Jan 1;23(1):97-103.

Morishita R, Gibbons GH, Kaneda Y, Zhang L, Ogihara T, Dzau VJ. Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice created by systemic administration of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides: a new model for lipoprotein metabolism studies. J Endocrinol. 2002 Nov;175(2):475-85.

Fazio S, Babaev VR, Burleigh ME, Major AS, Hasty AH, Linton MF. Physiological expression of macrophage apoE in the artery wall reduces atherosclerosis in severely hyperlipidemic mice. J Lipid Res. 2002 Oct;43(10):1602-9.

Ijiri Y, Miura M, Hashimoto M, Fukunaga C, Watanabe S, Kubota A, Oiwa K, Okuda T, Yamamoto J. A new model to evaluate the diet-induced prothrombotic state, using He-Ne laser-induced thrombogenesis in the carotid artery of apolipoprotein E-deficient and low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2002 Sep;13(6):497-504.

Chen J, Tung CH, Mahmood U, Ntziachristos V, Gyurko R, Fishman MC, Huang PL, Weissleder R. In vivo imaging of proteolytic activity in atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2002 Jun 11;105(23):2766-71.

Lijnen HR. Extracellular proteolysis in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Biochem Soc Trans. 2002 Apr;30(2):163-7.

George J, Afek A, Keren P, Herz I, Goldberg I, Haklai R, Kloog Y, Keren G. Functional inhibition of Ras by S-trans,trans-farnesyl thiosalicylic acid attenuates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Circulation. 2002 May 21;105(20):2416-22.

Pacher P, Mabley JG, Soriano FG, Liaudet L, Szabó C. Activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase contributes to the endothelial dysfunction associated with hypertension and aging. Int J Mol Med. 2002 Jun;9(6):659-64.

Rosenfeld ME, Carson KG, Johnson JL, Williams H, Jackson CL, Schwartz SM. Animal models of spontaneous plaque rupture: the holy grail of experimental atherosclerosis research. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2002 May;4(3):238-42.

Aiello RJ, Bourassa PA, Lindsey S, Weng W, Freeman A, Showell HJ. Leukotriene B4 receptor antagonism reduces monocytic foam cells in mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2002 Mar 1;22(3):443-9.

Campbell LA, Moazed TC, Kuo CC, Grayston JT. Preclinical models for Chlamydia pneumoniae and cardiovascular disease: hypercholesterolemic mice. Clin Microbiol Infect. 1998 Jan;4 Suppl 4:S23-S32.

Braun A, Trigatti BL, Post MJ, Sato K, Simons M, Edelberg JM, Rosenberg RD, Schrenzel M, Krieger M. Loss of SR-BI expression leads to the early onset of occlusive atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, spontaneous myocardial infarctions, severe cardiac dysfunction, and premature death in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Circ Res. 2002 Feb 22;90(3):270-6.

Li L, Messas E, Batista EL Jr, Levine RA, Amar S. Porphyromonas gingivalis infection accelerates the progression of atherosclerosis in a heterozygous apolipoprotein E-deficient murine model. Circulation. 2002 Feb 19;105(7):861-7.

Erratum in: Circulation 2002 Apr 2;105(13):1617. Raffai RL, Weisgraber KH. Hypomorphic apolipoprotein E mice: a new model of conditional gene repair to examine apolipoprotein E-mediated metabolism. J Biol Chem. 2002 Mar 29;277(13):11064-8.

d'Uscio LV, Smith LA, Katusic ZS. Hypercholesterolemia impairs endothelium-dependent relaxations in common carotid arteries of apolipoprotein e-deficient mice. Stroke. 2001 Nov;32(11):2658-64.

Yoshikawa T, Shimano H, Chen Z, Ishibashi S, Yamada N. Effects of probucol on atherosclerosis of apoE-deficient or LDL receptor-deficient mice. Horm Metab Res. 2001 Aug;33(8):472-9.

Reis ED, Li J, Fayad ZA, Rong JX, Hansoty D, Aguinaldo JG, Fallon JT, Fisher EA. Dramatic remodeling of advanced atherosclerotic plaques of the apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse in a novel transplantation model. J Vasc Surg. 2001 Sep;34(3):541-7.

Chiwata T, Aragane K, Fujinami K, Kojima K, Ishibashi S, Yamada N, Kusunoki J. Direct effect of an acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor, F-1394, on atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E and low density lipoprotein receptor double knockout mice. Br J Pharmacol. 2001 Aug;133(7):1005-12.

Wuttge DM, Eriksson P, Sirsjö A, Hansson GK, Stemme S. Expression of interleukin-15 in mouse and human atherosclerotic lesions. Am J Pathol. 2001 Aug;159(2):417-23.

Patel S, Thelander EM, Hernandez M, Montenegro J, Hassing H, Burton C, Mundt S, Hermanowski-Vosatka A, Wright SD, Chao YS, Detmers PA. ApoE(-/-) mice develop atherosclerosis in the absence of complement component C5. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Aug 10;286(1):164-70.

Kuhlencordt PJ, Gyurko R, Han F, Scherrer-Crosbie M, Aretz TH, Hajjar R, Picard MH, Huang PL. Accelerated atherosclerosis, aortic aneurysm formation, and ischemic heart disease in apolipoprotein E/endothelial nitric oxide synthase double-knockout mice. Circulation. 2001 Jul 24;104(4):448-54.

Kuhlencordt PJ, Chen J, Han F, Astern J, Huang PL. Genetic deficiency of inducible nitric oxide synthase reduces atherosclerosis and lowers plasma lipid peroxides in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice. Circulation. 2001 Jun 26;103(25):3099-104.

Dwyer JH, Navab M, Dwyer KM, Hassan K, Sun P, Shircore A, Hama-Levy S, Hough G, Wang X, Drake T, Merz CN, Fogelman AM. Oxygenated carotenoid lutein and progression of early atherosclerosis: the Los Angeles atherosclerosis study. Circulation. 2001 Jun 19;103(24):2922-7.

d'Uscio LV, Baker TA, Mantilla CB, Smith L, Weiler D, Sieck GC, Katusic ZS. Mechanism of endothelial dysfunction in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2001 Jun;21(6):1017-22.

Kusunoki J, Hansoty DK, Aragane K, Fallon JT, Badimon JJ, Fisher EA. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase inhibition reduces atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Circulation. 2001 May 29;103(21):2604-9.

Lemaître V, O'Byrne TK, Borczuk AC, Okada Y, Tall AR, D'Armiento J. ApoE knockout mice expressing human matrix metalloproteinase-1 in macrophages have less advanced atherosclerosis. J Clin Invest. 2001 May;107(10):1227-34.

Gairola CG, Drawdy ML, Block AE, Daugherty A. Sidestream cigarette smoke accelerates atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E-/- mice. Atherosclerosis. 2001 May;156(1):49-55.

van Vlijmen BJ, Gerritsen G, Franken AL, Boesten LS, Kockx MM, Gijbels MJ, Vierboom MP, van Eck M, van De Water B, van Berkel TJ, Havekes LM. Macrophage p53 deficiency leads to enhanced atherosclerosis in APOE*3-Leiden transgenic mice. Circ Res. 2001 Apr 27;88(8):780-6.

Tordjman K, Bernal-Mizrachi C, Zemany L, Weng S, Feng C, Zhang F, Leone TC, Coleman T, Kelly DP, Semenkovich CF. PPARalpha deficiency reduces insulin resistance and atherosclerosis in apoE-null mice. J Clin Invest. 2001 Apr;107(8):1025-34.

Paul A, Calleja L, Joven J, Vilella E, Ferré N, Camps J, Girona J, Osada J. Supplementation with vitamin E and/or zinc does not attenuate atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2001 Jan;71(1):45-52.

Hofmann MA, Lalla E, Lu Y, Gleason MR, Wolf BM, Tanji N, Ferran LJ Jr, Kohl B, Rao V, Kisiel W, Stern DM, Schmidt AM. Hyperhomocysteinemia enhances vascular inflammation and accelerates atherosclerosis in a murine model. J Clin Invest. 2001 Mar;107(6):675-83.

Fazio S, Linton MF. Mouse models of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Front Biosci. 2001 Mar 1;6:D515-25.

von der Thüsen JH, van Berkel TJ, Biessen EA. Induction of rapid atherogenesis by perivascular carotid collar placement in apolipoprotein E-deficient and low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Circulation. 2001 Feb 27;103(8):1164-70.

Johnson JL, Jackson CL. Atherosclerotic plaque rupture in the apolipoprotein E knockout mouse. Atherosclerosis. 2001 Feb 1;154(2):399-406.

Manka DR, Gilson W, Sarembock I, Ley K, Berr SS. Noninvasive in vivo magnetic resonance imaging of injury-induced neointima formation in the carotid artery of the apolipoprotein-E null mouse. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2000 Nov;12(5):790-4.

De Winther MP, Gijbels MJ, Van Dijk KW, Havekes LM, Hofker MH. Transgenic mouse models to study the role of the macrophage scavenger receptor class A in atherosclerosis. Int J Tissue React. 2000;22(2-3):85-91.

Eitzman DT, Westrick RJ, Xu Z, Tyson J, Ginsburg D. Hyperlipidemia promotes thrombosis after injury to atherosclerotic vessels in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000 Jul;20(7):1831-4.

Kirk EA, Dinauer MC, Rosen H, Chait A, Heinecke JW, LeBoeuf RC. Impaired superoxide production due to a deficiency in phagocyte NADPH oxidase fails to inhibit atherosclerosis in mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000 Jun;20(6):1529-35.

Shi W, Wang NJ, Shih DM, Sun VZ, Wang X, Lusis AJ. Determinants of atherosclerosis susceptibility in the C3H and C57BL/6 mouse model: evidence for involvement of endothelial cells but not blood cells or cholesterol metabolism. Circ Res. 2000 May 26;86(10):1078-84.

Trieu VN, Liu XP, Chen CL, Uckun FM. Treatment of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice with 4-(3-Bromobenzoyl)-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline (WHI-P164), a potent inhibitor of triglyceride synthesis. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2000 Feb;35(2):179-88.

Kobayashi K, Forte TM, Taniguchi S, Ishida BY, Oka K, Chan L. The db/db mouse, a model for diabetic dyslipidemia: molecular characterization and effects of Western diet feeding. Metabolism. 2000 Jan;49(1):22-31.

Collins RG, Velji R, Guevara NV, Hicks MJ, Chan L, Beaudet AL. P-Selectin or intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 deficiency substantially protects against atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. J Exp Med. 2000 Jan 3;191(1):189-94.

Tsukamoto K, Tangirala R, Chun SH, Puré E, Rader DJ. Rapid regression of atherosclerosis induced by liver-directed gene transfer of ApoE in ApoE-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1999 Sep;19(9):2162-70.

Zhou X, Hansson GK. Detection of B cells and proinflammatory cytokines in atherosclerotic plaques of hypercholesterolaemic apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Scand J Immunol. 1999 Jul;50(1):25-30.

Shaish A, George J, Gilburd B, Keren P, Levkovitz H, Harats D. Dietary beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol combination does not inhibit atherogenesis in an ApoE-deficient mouse model.Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1999 Jun;19(6):1470-5.

Gijbels MJ, van der Cammen M, van der Laan LJ, Emeis JJ, Havekes LM, Hofker MH, Kraal G. Progression and regression of atherosclerosis in APOE3-Leiden transgenic mice: an immunohistochemical study. Atherosclerosis. 1999 Mar;143(1):15-25.

Plump AS, Masucci-Magoulas L, Bruce C, Bisgaier CL, Breslow JL, Tall AR. Increased atherosclerosis in ApoE and LDL receptor gene knock-out mice as a result of human cholesteryl ester transfer protein transgene expression. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1999 Apr;19(4):1105-10.

Adan Y, Shibata K, Ni W, Tsuda Y, Sato M, Ikeda I, Imaizumi K. Concentration of serum lipids and aortic lesion size in female and male apo E-deficient mice fed docosahexaenoic acid. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1999 Feb;63(2):309-13.

Moghadasian MH, McManus BM, Godin DV, Rodrigues B, Frohlich JJ. Proatherogenic and antiatherogenic effects of probucol and phytosterols in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice: possible mechanisms of action. Circulation. 1999 Apr 6;99(13):1733-9.

Guevara NV, Kim HS, Antonova EI, Chan L. The absence of p53 accelerates atherosclerosis by increasing cell proliferation in vivo. Nat Med. 1999 Mar;5(3):335-9.

Saikku P, Laitinen K, Leinonen M. Animal models for Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. Atherosclerosis. 1998 Oct;140 Suppl 1:S17-9.

Barton M, Haudenschild CC, d'Uscio LV, Shaw S, Münter K, Lüscher TF. Endothelin ETA receptor blockade restores NO-mediated endothelial function and inhibits atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Nov 24;95(24):14367-72.

Fayad ZA, Fallon JT, Shinnar M, Wehrli S, Dansky HM, Poon M, Badimon JJ, Charlton SA, Fisher EA, Breslow JL, Fuster V. Noninvasive In vivo high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of atherosclerotic lesions in genetically engineered mice. Circulation. 1998 Oct 13;98(15):1541-7.

Nicoletti A, Kaveri S, Caligiuri G, Bariéty J, Hansson GK. Immunoglobulin treatment reduces atherosclerosis in apo E knockout mice. J Clin Invest. 1998 Sep 1;102(5):910-8.

Ormrod DJ, Holmes CC, Miller TE. Dietary chitosan inhibits hypercholesterolaemia and atherogenesis in the apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse model of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 1998 Jun;138(2):329-34.

George J, Afek A, Gilburd B, Levkovitz H, Shaish A, Goldberg I, Kopolovic Y, Wick G, Shoenfeld Y, Harats D. Hyperimmunization of apo-E-deficient mice with homologous malondialdehyde low-density lipoprotein suppresses early atherogenesis. Atherosclerosis. 1998 May;138(1):147-52.

van Vlijmen BJ, Pearce NJ, Bergö M, Staels B, Yates JW, Gribble AD, Bond BC, Hofker MH, Havekes LM, Groot PH. Apolipoprotein E*3-Leiden transgenic mice as a test model for hypolipidaemic drugs. Arzneimittelforschung. 1998 Apr;48(4):396-402.

Leppänen P, Luoma JS, Hofker MH, Havekes LM, Ylä-Herttuala S. Characterization of atherosclerotic lesions in apo E3-leiden transgenic mice. Atherosclerosis. 1998 Jan;136(1):147-52.

Elhage R, Arnal JF, Pieraggi MT, Duverger N, Fiévet C, Faye JC, Bayard F. 17 beta-estradiol prevents fatty streak formation in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997 Nov;17(11):2679-84.

Smith JD, Breslow JL. The emergence of mouse models of atherosclerosis and their relevance to clinical research. J Intern Med. 1997 Aug;242(2):99-109.

Krege JH, Moyer JS, Langenbach LL, Peng L, Zhang SH, Maeda N, Reddick RL, Smithies O. Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene and atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997 Jul;17(7):1245-50.

Qiao JH, Tripathi J, Mishra NK, Cai Y, Tripathi S, Wang XP, Imes S, Fishbein MC, Clinton SK, Libby P, Lusis AJ, Rajavashisth TB. Role of macrophage colony-stimulating factor in atherosclerosis: studies of osteopetrotic mice. Am J Pathol. 1997 May;150(5):1687-99.

Moazed TC, Kuo C, Grayston JT, Campbell LA. Murine models of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and atherosclerosis. J Infect Dis. 1997 Apr;175(4):883-90.

Masucci-Magoulas L, Goldberg IJ, Bisgaier CL, Serajuddin H, Francone OL, Breslow JL, Tall AR. A mouse model with features of familial combined hyperlipidemia. Science. 1997 Jan 17;275(5298):391-4.

Zhou X, Stemme S, Hansson GK. Evidence for a local immune response in atherosclerosis. CD4+ T cells infiltrate lesions of apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice. Am J Pathol. 1996 Aug;149(2):359-66.

Groot PH, van Vlijmen BJ, Benson GM, Hofker MH, Schiffelers R, Vidgeon-Hart M, Havekes LM. Quantitative assessment of aortic atherosclerosis in APOE*3 Leiden transgenic mice and its relationship to serum cholesterol exposure. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1996 Aug;16(8):926-33.

Harada K, Shimano H, Ishibashi S, Yamada N. Transgenic mouse and gene therapy. Diabetes. 1996 Jul;45 Suppl 3:S129-32.

Fazio S, Linton MF. Murine bone marrow transplantation as a novel approach to studying the role of macrophages in lipoprotein metabolism and atherogenesis. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 1996 Feb;6(2):58-65.

Tangirala RK, Rubin EM, Palinski W. Quantitation of atherosclerosis in murine models: correlation between lesions in the aortic origin and in the entire aorta, and differences in the extent of lesions between sexes in LDL receptor-deficient and apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. J Lipid Res. 1995 Nov;36(11):2320-8.

Tangirala RK, Casanada F, Miller E, Witztum JL, Steinberg D, Palinski W. Effect of the antioxidant N,N'-diphenyl 1,4-phenylenediamine (DPPD) on atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1995 Oct;15(10):1625-30.

Smith JD, Trogan E, Ginsberg M, Grigaux C, Tian J, Miyata M. Decreased atherosclerosis in mice deficient in both macrophage colony-stimulating factor (op) and apolipoprotein E. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Aug 29;92(18):8264-8.

Nakashima Y, Plump AS, Raines EW, Breslow JL, Ross R. ApoE-deficient mice develop lesions of all phases of atherosclerosis throughout the arterial tree. Arterioscler Thromb. 1994 Jan;14(1):133-40.

Plump AS, Smith JD, Hayek T, Aalto-Setälä K, Walsh A, Verstuyft JG, Rubin EM, Breslow JL. Severe hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice created by homologous recombination in ES cells. Cell. 1992 Oct 16;71(2):343-53.



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