ApoE基因沉默或敲除小鼠
- ApoE敲除小鼠日常喂养的高品质饲料
- 高脂血症的造模及相关研究
- 动脉粥样硬化模型的造模及相关研究
- 冠心病（CHD）造模及相关研究
- 非酒精性脂肪肝模型及相关研究
- 阿尔茨海默氏病（AD）
- ApoE生理功能的研究中饲料的使用
ApoE基因敲除小鼠的特点
Introduction about ApoE-knockout（ApoEKO) Mouse
载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein E, ApoE)基因敲除小鼠已经广泛应用于高脂血症、动脉粥样硬化、非酒精性脂肪肝动物模型及其并发症的研究，以及ApoE的生理功能的研究。
无论从哪里获得ApoE基因敲除动物，你可以不了解ApoE基因是怎样敲除或沉默的，但不能不把握这种动物的特点，因为这是进行科学的实验设计所必需的。因此，下面进行简要介绍。
一、了解ApoE的关键点
（1）ApoE缺失后，动物体内脂蛋白代谢和转运发生一系列改变，导致的是胆固醇的清除率降低。
正是这个原因，胆固醇在血浆中聚积，血浆胆固醇高于正常动物。也正是这个原因，随着饲料中胆固醇含量升高和喂养时间的延长，血浆胆固醇不断升高。
因此，研究中采用高胆固醇饲料时，饲料中胆固醇含量决定了血浆胆固醇水平，在饲料胆固醇含量过高时，很可能研究结果包含了胆固醇本身的毒性作用。
所以，模型饲料中胆固醇含量的设定以及生产过程中胆固醇的准确添加对于研究结果的可靠性和可重复性至关重要。
（2）ApoE缺失后的动物发生自发性动脉粥样硬化。
ApoE基因敲除动物随着月龄增加将出现大量类似动脉粥样硬化前期的损伤。正是这个原因，应当注意：
如果你获得的ApoE动物的月龄偏大时，其体内动脉粥样硬化可能已经发生。
如果你喂养的饲料中不同脂肪酸的比例不科学或者含有胆固醇，将加重体内的高血脂和动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展。
因此，喂养一般的大小鼠普通饲料不适合ApoE动物喂养的日常喂养，也不适合作为模型饲料的对照饲料。建议采用代码为LAD0011的专用饲料，详细情况，请点击：LAD0011介绍：脂蛋白代谢及其相关的基因工程大鼠和小鼠的日常喂养饲料。
（3）ApoE缺失后的动物是全身性不正常的动物。
文献资料中常常是类似这样的表达“ApoE主要分布于极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）、乳糜微粒（cM）及其残骸中”，请注意，这是对血浆中ApoE的分布进行描述的。实际上，ApoE的合成来自于全身各部位的组织和细胞（主要是肝脏、脑和小肠，其余包括肾上腺、卵巢、单核巨噬细胞系统/网状内皮细胞）。ApoE合成的目的不仅是为了血浆中脂蛋白在转运和代谢，而且是与其合成部位的细胞功能的需求和代谢相一致的。因此，ApoE缺失的动物表现为全身性的代谢和功能异常。
这就告诉我们，当我们采用ApoE基因敲除动物开展研究时，要避免“只见树木，不见森林”。例如，当用于研究高脂血症、动脉粥样硬化时，不要忘记其他多种器官、多种组织或者多种细胞的处于ApoE缺失状态，功能可能已经被改变。相似地，如果应用于研究ApoE在其他组织和器官中的功能时，不要忘记这种小鼠的血脂、血管、肝脏功能和形态学等方面已经不正常。
（4）ApoE基因敲除动物的对照动物是母本动物(Wild-type,the background strain control)
要观察和比较ApoE的功能，应当采用其母本动物。例如，如果ApoE基因敲除动物是在C57BL/6中进行敲除或沉默的，那么，只有与C57BL/6作为ApoE的对照动物（ApoE+/+），而不应当采用其他品系的小鼠。
二、用于ApoE敲除小鼠的普通饲料和模型饲料注意事项
从上面的总结，我们已经了解到ApoE敲除或缺失的小鼠在日常喂养饲料方面需要重视其质量，模型饲料中脂肪类型和含量以及胆固醇的水平对于动物机能和研究结果的可靠性和可重复性非常关键。
现在，我们要提醒研究者注意的是，目前我国实验动物饲料市场并不乐观，在模型饲料方面，以次充好、忽悠研究者的现象并不少见，还有一个非常严重的问题威胁着研究结果，那就是胆固醇市场混乱不堪，时常有研究者告诉我们其研究被市场上假胆固醇、劣质胆固醇坑害。
除了胆固醇原料的级别、纯度及其准确性之外，还有一个非常重要的问题是，由于胆固醇的添加量非常小，没有特定的技术很难使得胆固醇在模型饲料中分布均匀，导致的结果是，所喂养的动物血浆胆固醇波动较大或者不能按照预期的方向发展，或者导致研究结果不能被自己的实验室今后进行重复，不能被其他研究者所重复。
正是ApoE敲除小鼠对日常喂养饲料和模型饲料的高要求，南通特洛菲饲料科技有限公司不仅专门开发了适用于这种动物的日常普通喂养饲料，而且在模型饲料制作上进行严格控制。
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