动脉粥样硬化模型
鸽子动脉粥样硬化模型饲料
和造模注意事项
Model Diet of Atherosclerosis in
Pigeon
在1959年已经报道鸽子动脉粥样硬化。各种鸽子随着年龄都能逐渐自发发生动脉粥样硬化，主要发生部位是在腹腔动脉和腹主动脉分叉处。高胆固醇模型饲料喂养后，动脉粥样硬化可以发生在胸主动脉、腹主动脉、头臂动脉、髂动脉、颈动脉、肾动脉、冠状动脉，等等部位。
一、鸽子动脉粥样硬化模型造模的特点
鸽子应用于动脉粥样硬化造模时，有以下方面的表现：
(1)鸽子的模型饲料中胆固醇含量在一定范围内可以决定鸽子的血浆胆固醇浓度、动脉粥样硬化发生的时间和发展的速度与程度。注意，这个“一定范围内”指的是，能够有效升高血浆胆固醇的饲料胆固醇含量，到饲料中胆固醇含量达到某个水平。这个范围在不同种类的鸽子中是不同的。
(2)鸽子对高脂高胆固醇模型饲料敏感，如果脂肪类型和模型饲料确当设计，可以加重和加快动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展（见下文）。
(3)动脉粥样硬化容易发展到脂质条纹期和斑块阶段，如果喂养时间足够长，可以形成纤维化和纤维帽（是否与种类的差别？）。
(4)鸽子不仅可以多部位发生动脉粥样硬化，而且最为显著的特点是容易发生冠状动脉粥样硬化。
二、鸽子动脉粥样硬化模型造模方法和关键点
鸽子虽然容易发生动脉粥样硬化，但要注意以下方面：
1.不同种类鸽子对模型饲料的敏感性差别较大。
几乎所有种类的鸽子都能被诱导出动脉粥样硬化，但种类之间差异明显。例如，White Carneau pigeons白鸽是最敏感和最容易发生动脉粥样硬化的鸽子，而赛鸽(Racing Homer pigeons或 Show Racers)容易发生冠状动脉粥样硬化，但主动脉部位比较轻，因此，用于冠状动脉粥样硬化模型比较理想。
2. 不同种类鸽子发生动脉粥样硬化的速度不同。
相同的模型饲料，喂养不同种类的鸽子，高胆固醇血症和动脉粥样硬化发生和发展的速度不同。
3. 模型饲料中胆固醇含量、喂养时间和动脉粥样硬化的程度
模型饲料中胆固醇含量越高，动脉粥样硬化形成需要的喂养时间越短。但是，胆固醇含量过高时，血浆胆固醇可能会轻度下降。
三、鸽子动脉粥样硬化模型饲料
包括高胆固醇模型饲料、高脂高胆固醇模型饲料。
1. 鸽子动脉粥样硬化用高胆固醇模型饲料
鸽子动脉粥样硬化所用的高胆固醇模型饲料中，胆固醇含量一般需要至少0.025%。但是，要注意的是，不同品种的鸽子对模型饲料中胆固醇的最低要求是不同的。
以下是南通特洛菲饲料科技有限公司生产的可用于动脉粥样硬化的高胆固醇模型饲料的情况。
鸽子高胆固醇模型饲料
日粮型
以下模型饲料是在本公司鸽子标准饲料(低脂)生产过程中添加胆固醇，其正常对照饲料应当选用相应的低脂型标准饲料。
产品代码 模型饲料名称 说明
TP 3P002：鸽子高胆固醇模型饲料，0.25%胆固醇
TP 3P004：鸽子高胆固醇模型饲料，0.5%胆固醇
TP 3P005：鸽子高胆固醇模型饲料，0.75%胆固醇
TP 3P008：鸽子高胆固醇模型饲料，1%胆固醇
如果以上模型饲料不能满足你的要求，请提出！
纯化型
以下模型饲料是纯化日粮，价格相对较高。
TP 3P102：鸽子高胆固醇模型饲料，0.25%胆固醇
TP 3P104：鸽子高胆固醇模型饲料，0.5%胆固醇
TP 3P105：鸽子高胆固醇模型饲料，0.75%胆固醇
TP 3P108：鸽子高胆固醇模型饲料，1%胆固醇
如果以上模型饲料不能满足你的要求，请提出！
2. 鸽子动脉粥样硬化用高脂肪高胆固醇模型饲料
鸽子高脂高胆固醇模型饲料可以强劲地使得鸽子发生高胆固醇血症和动脉粥样硬化。因此，建议研究者优先选用。
然而，饲料中决定鸽子动脉粥样硬化的因素很多，鸽子高脂高胆固醇模型饲料的设计需要了解这些决定因素，因此，在没有这些方面相关研究进展的情况下，应当选用可靠的模型饲料。下表列出的是南通特洛菲饲料科技有限公司提供的鸽子动脉粥样硬化的高脂高胆固醇模型饲料。
鸽子高脂高胆固醇模型饲料
日粮型
以下模型饲料是在本公司鸽子标准饲料(低脂)生产过程中添加脂肪和胆固醇，其正常对照饲料应当选用相应的低脂型标准饲料。
产品代码 模型饲料名称 说明
TP 3P202：鸽子高脂高胆固醇模型饲料，10%脂肪，0.25%胆固醇
TP 3P204：鸽子高脂高胆固醇模型饲料，10%脂肪，0.5%胆固醇
TP 3P205：鸽子高脂高胆固醇模型饲料，10%脂肪，0.75%胆固醇
TP 3P208：鸽子高脂高胆固醇模型饲料，10%脂肪，1%胆固醇
如果以上模型饲料不能满足你的要求，请提出！
纯化型
以下模型饲料是纯化日粮，价格相对较高。
产品代码 模型饲料名称 说明
TP 3P302：鸽子高脂高胆固醇模型饲料，10%脂肪，0.25%胆固醇
TP 3P304：鸽子高脂高胆固醇模型饲料，10%脂肪，0.5%胆固醇
TP 3P305：鸽子高脂高胆固醇模型饲料，10%脂肪，0.75%胆固醇
TP 3P308：鸽子高脂高胆固醇模型饲料，10%脂肪，1%胆固醇
如果以上模型饲料不能满足你的要求，请提出！
对于上述描述中有不清楚之处或者其他注意事项，请与南通特洛菲饲料科技有限公司技术部联系。
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