骨关节炎模型饲料与造模方法
Osteoarthritis model and model diet

骨关节炎（Osteoarthritis，OA）是一种以关节软骨退行性变和继发性骨质增生为特性的慢性关节疾病，又称骨关节病（osteoarthropathy）、增生性关节炎、老年性关节炎、退化性关节炎、肥大性关节炎等，多见于中老年人，女性多于男性。好发于负重较大的膝关节、髋关节、腰骶部脊柱关节（lumbosacral joint）、第一跖趾关节（first MIP joints）、手部的远端指间关节（DIP joints）、近端指间关节（PIP joints）等部位。

骨关节炎造模方法有多种，大体上分为自发性(primary OA，spontaneous OA)、创伤或外科手术诱导(post-traumatic OA)、化学法（酶或药物诱导）和基因工程方法。自然发生的造模方法使用的动物非常广泛，包括大鼠，小鼠，地鼠（金黄地鼠），豚鼠，狗，非人灵长类，观察部位主要是膝关节（knee joints）。外科手术方法中，例如，采用大鼠和豚鼠中进行内侧半月板撕裂(medial meniscal tear），在兔中进行内侧或横向半月板部分切除术（medial/lateral partial meniscectomy ），在狗中进行半月板内侧或全切除或者前交叉横断（anterior cruciate transection），在小鼠中进行颞颌关节（temporomandibular joint）部分切除。化学法中包括采用关节软骨细胞代谢的抑制剂，诱导软骨退行性改变，例如，关节内注射木瓜蛋白酶（papain）或碘乙酸盐（常用碘乙酸钠，monosodium iodoacetate），或者经口或注射抗生素喹诺酮（quinolone）；或者采用胶原酶（collagenase）对肌腱（tendon）或韧带（ligaments）实施破坏，或者采用免疫毒素对关节进行选择性去神经处理（关节失神经支配，joint denervation）。

自发性骨关节炎中，主要是两种方法：基因工程法。

1. 基因工程法：由于38%～65%的OA病人发病与遗传或基因有关，因此，OA模型还包括基因工程方法，目前主要是在小鼠中研究基因突变或敲除后开展研究和观察。

2. 模型饲料喂养法

在自发性OA中，大量研究采用高脂模型饲料或高脂高胆固醇模型饲料喂养法诱导OA，主要基于两个方面的考虑，一是肥胖或高脂血症的人越来越多，OA是其常见并发症，二是脂肪代谢障碍与OA病变有关。此外，采用上述OA造模方法形成OA后，采用高脂模型饲料或高脂高胆固醇模型喂养，还可进行饮食因素对OA的作用。

由于动物、高脂模型饲料饲料的选择和喂养方法技术性很强，因此，在订购模型饲料前应当与南通特洛非饲料有限公司技术部进行充分的交流。

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