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高血压模型饲料与复制模型方法

高血压模型不仅与钠有关,而且与多种营养素如缺钙、缺镁、缺精氨酸、缺蛋白质,以及营养相关性疾病关系密切,特别是肥胖等。因此,研究骨质疏松症时建立模型要根据研究目的选择饲料。

常用的高血压模型饲料
文献综述
www.trophic.cn
2012年7月1日出版

高血压模型与饲料

(Hypertension model and model diet)
南通特洛菲饲料科技有限公司技术部 综述

高血压的病因涉及基因、环境和饮食多方面的因素。在饮食方面,很多因素都可以成为高血压的原因,广为人知的高钠(高盐)饮食只是其中的一个因素,其他因素还包括缺钙、缺镁、缺钾、低蛋白质、缺精氨酸、某些维生素缺乏等等,此外,高脂肪、高血脂、高糖、高蛋白导致的肥胖胰岛素抵抗代谢综合症高尿酸血症等等(建议点击这些超链接查看),也可以出现高血压。在研究非饮食因素如基因、环境(包括神经生理)方面的不少研究者往往忽视饮食成分(不懂营养)对血压的干扰或者作用,这是非常可惜的。对于研究饮食因素的研究者当中,只关注含盐量,而饲料中其他成分没有得到有效控制,这同样是可惜的。

下面,我们简要介绍建立高血压模型应当特别注意的几个方面。

高血压模型的对照组喂养饲料

不少研究者对对照组喂养的饲料存在两个误区。一是误认为只要控制盐含量,其他方面无所谓。二是错误使用普通喂养的饲料。关于第一个方面,上面已经说过,在第二个方面怎样会不妥的呢?

普通喂养的饲料对于高血压研究的动物来说,盐含量偏高。有研究针对这个问题在大鼠中进行了观察,如果把盐含量降下来(但满足基本需要),血压也就低一些。因此,不论是否研究钠或盐的因素,复制任何高血压模型,对照组含盐量非常关键。

高血压模型动物的注意点

饲料类型的选择

既然影响血压的饲料因素有多种,很显然,要控制好饲料中的各种成分,包括已知的对血压有影响的因素,以及尚未知是否影响血压的其他因素。日粮型饲料(普通饲料)不容易控制,应当尽可能使用纯化型的标准饲料。如果选择这种类型的饲料,对照组喂养的饲料应当是采用AIN93标准的纯化型饲料。

关于血压测量

在体情况下测量血压多采用测量尾血压的方法。这种方法得到的血压一般是收缩压,这对于很多研究来说不理想,大家都明白,高血压多以舒张压为主作为诊断依据的,收缩压除非出现很大变化,才能作为诊断高血压的指标。因此,在动物模型中,用收缩压的改变作为高血压模型是勉强的。当然,如果针对收缩压开展研究,或者与收缩压关系密切的研究,这种方法倒是适合的。

研究者务必牢记,这种测量的干扰因素非常多,每天测量的时间、重复测量、测量时的环境、测量所用的设备都决定了测量的准确性和可靠性。

因此,我们建议,在实验期结束时,应当尽可能使用生理记录仪测量血管内压力,也就是,动物在麻醉下血管插管,记录血压,这能够帮助确认饲养期间所跟踪的尾压改变的可靠性,能够作为血压升高或者降低的有力证据。关于方法和设备,在高校的生理教研室、药理教研室、病理生理教研室都有。

关于模型的时间

并不是说血压升高了就是高血压模型。当动物改变了饲料,血压可能会发生改变。例如,当饲料中高盐时,动物的血压可能会升高一些,但很快会有所适应,在人体中也有这样的现象。因此,饲料改变后的短期血压改变不能作为血压升高的依据,观察时间应当尽可能长一些。


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